Ndi asayansi angati oyezera omwe amafunikira kuti ayese bulb ya nyali ya LED? Kwa ofufuza a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ku United States, chiwerengerochi ndi theka la zomwe zinali masabata angapo apitawo. M'mwezi wa June, NIST yayamba kupereka chithandizo chachangu, cholondola, komanso chopulumutsa antchito powunika kuwala kwa nyali za LED ndi zinthu zina zowunikira zolimba. Makasitomala a ntchitoyi akuphatikizapo opanga kuwala kwa LED ndi ma laboratories ena owongolera. Mwachitsanzo, nyali yolinganizidwa imatha kutsimikizira kuti babu ya 60 watt yofanana ndi nyali yapa desiki ndiyofananadi ndi ma watts 60, kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo ali ndi kuyatsa koyenera kwa njanji.

Opanga ma LED amayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi omwe amapanga ndi owala monga momwe adapangidwira. Kuti muchite izi, yang'anani nyali izi ndi photometer, chomwe ndi chida chomwe chimatha kuyeza kuwala pamafunde onse poganizira zachilengedwe chamaso amunthu kumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka zambiri, labotale yojambula zithunzi ya NIST yakhala ikukumana ndi zofuna zamakampani popereka kuwala kwa LED ndi ntchito zowongolera zithunzi. Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo kuyeza kuwala kwa LED yamakasitomala ndi magetsi ena olimba, komanso kuyesa chithunzithunzi cha kasitomala wake. Mpaka pano, labotale ya NIST yakhala imayeza kuwala kwa babu mosatsimikizika pang'ono, ndi zolakwika pakati pa 0.5% ndi 1.0%, zomwe zikufanana ndi ntchito zowongolera zanthawi zonse.
Tsopano, chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa labotale, Gulu la NIST lachulukitsa zosatsimikizika izi katatu mpaka 0.2% kapena kutsika. Kupambana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kwatsopano kwa LED ndi ntchito yowunikira ma photometer ikhale imodzi yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Asayansi afupikitsanso kwambiri nthawi yowerengera. M'makina akale, kuwongolera makasitomala kumatenga pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Wofufuza wa NIST, Cameron Miller, adanena kuti ntchito zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa muyeso uliwonse, m'malo mwa magetsi kapena zowunikira, kuyang'ana pamanja mtunda wapakati pa ziwirizi, ndikukonzanso zipangizo zoyezeranso.
Koma tsopano, labotale ili ndi matebulo awiri opangira makina, imodzi yamagetsi ndi ina ya chowunikira. Gome limayenda pamakina ojambulira ndikuyika chowunikira paliponse kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 5 metres kutali ndi kuwala. Mtundawu ukhoza kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa magawo 50 pa miliyoni imodzi ya mita imodzi (micrometer), yomwe ili pafupifupi theka la m'lifupi mwa tsitsi la munthu. Zong ndi Miller amatha kukonza matebulo kuti azisunthana wina ndi mnzake popanda kufunikira kopitilira kulowererapo kwa anthu. Poyamba zinkatenga tsiku, koma tsopano zikhoza kutha pakangopita maola ochepa. Sipafunikanso kusintha zida zilizonse, chilichonse chili pano ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse, kupatsa ofufuza ufulu wambiri wochita zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi chifukwa ndizodziwikiratu.
Mutha kubwerera ku ofesi kuti mukagwire ntchito ina ikugwira ntchito. Ofufuza a NIST amalosera kuti makasitomala adzakula pomwe labotale yawonjezera zina zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo chatsopanocho chimatha kulinganiza makamera a hyperspectral, omwe amayesa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala kuposa makamera wamba omwe nthawi zambiri amajambula mitundu itatu kapena inayi. Kuchokera pazithunzi zachipatala mpaka kusanthula zithunzi za satellite za Dziko Lapansi, makamera a hyperspectral akukhala otchuka kwambiri. Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makamera a hyperspectral okhudzana ndi mlengalenga za nyengo ya Dziko lapansi ndi zomera zimathandiza asayansi kulosera za njala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, ndipo angathandize madera pokonzekera chithandizo chadzidzidzi ndi tsoka. Laborator yatsopanoyo imathanso kupangitsa kuti ofufuza azitha kuwongolera mawonedwe a smartphone, komanso ma TV ndi makompyuta.

Mtunda wolondola
Kuti atsimikizire chithunzithunzi cha kasitomala, Asayansi ku NIST amagwiritsa ntchito magwero a kuwala kwa Broadband kuunikira zowunikira, zomwe kwenikweni zimakhala zoyera zokhala ndi mafunde angapo (mitundu), ndipo kuwala kwake kumamveka bwino chifukwa miyeso imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma photometer wamba a NIST. Mosiyana ndi ma lasers, kuwala koyera kotereku ndi kosagwirizana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuwala konse kwa mafunde osiyanasiyana sikulumikizana. Munthawi yabwino, pakuyezera kolondola kwambiri, ofufuza adzagwiritsa ntchito ma lasers osinthika kuti apange kuwala kokhala ndi mafunde owongolera, kotero kuti kuwala kumodzi kokha kumawunikiridwa pa chowunikira nthawi imodzi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma lasers osinthika kumawonjezera chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro ndi phokoso la muyeso.
Komabe, m'mbuyomu, ma lasers osinthika sakanagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ma photometer chifukwa ma laser ang'onoang'ono amtundu wina adadzisokoneza okha m'njira yomwe imawonjezera phokoso losiyanasiyana ku siginecha kutengera kutalika kwa mafunde omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga gawo lakusintha kwa labotale, Zong yapanga mawonekedwe osinthika a Photometer omwe amachepetsa phokosoli mpaka losawerengeka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito ma lasers osinthika kwa nthawi yoyamba kuwongolera ma photometer osatsimikizika pang'ono. Ubwino wowonjezera wa kapangidwe katsopano ndikuti umapangitsa kuti zida zowunikira zikhale zosavuta kuyeretsa, popeza malo owoneka bwino tsopano akutetezedwa kuseri kwa zenera lagalasi losindikizidwa. Kuyeza kwamphamvu kumafuna chidziwitso cholondola cha kutalika kwa chowunikiracho kuchokera kugwero la kuwala.
Mpaka pano, monga ma laboratories ena ambiri a photometry, labotale ya NIST ilibe njira yolondola kwambiri yoyezera mtunda uwu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pobowo kwa chojambulira, komwe kuwala kumasonkhanitsidwa, kumakhala kosawoneka bwino kwambiri kuti sikanakhudzidwe ndi chipangizo choyezera. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi yakuti ofufuza ayambe kuyeza kuwala kwa gwero la kuwala ndi kuunikira pamwamba ndi malo enaake. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito chidziwitsochi kuti mudziwe mtundawu pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo losiyana la square, lomwe limafotokoza momwe mphamvu ya gwero la kuwala imatsikira mokulira ndi mtunda wokulirakulira. Kuyeza kwa magawo awiri kumeneku sikophweka kutsata ndipo kumabweretsa kusatsimikizika kwina. Ndi dongosolo latsopanoli, gululi tsopano litha kusiya njira yosinthira masikweya ndikuzindikira mtunda.
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kamera yochokera ku microscope, yokhala ndi microscope yokhala pagawo lowunikira ndikuyang'ana zolembera pagawo la chowunikira. Yachiwiri ya microscope ili pa detector workbench ndipo imayang'ana kwambiri zolembera malo pa light source workbench. Dziwani mtunda posintha kabowo ka chojambulira ndi malo a gwero la kuwala kwa ma microscopes awo. Ma microscope amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufooketsa, ndipo amatha kuzindikira ngakhale ma micrometer ochepa. Kuyeza kwatsopano kwa mtunda kumathandizanso ochita kafukufuku kuyeza "kulimba kwenikweni" kwa ma LED, omwe ndi nambala yosiyana yomwe imasonyeza kuti kuwala kwa kuwala komwe kumatulutsa ma LED sikudalira mtunda.
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zatsopanozi, asayansi a NIST awonjezeranso zida zina, monga chipangizo chotchedwa goniometer chomwe chimatha kuzungulira nyali za LED kuti athe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumatuluka pamakona osiyanasiyana. M'miyezi ikubwerayi, Miller ndi Zong akuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito spectrophotometer pa ntchito yatsopano: kuyeza kutulutsa kwa ultraviolet (UV) kwa ma LED. Kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito kwa LED popangira kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumaphatikizapo chakudya choyatsa kuti chiwonjezere moyo wake wa alumali, komanso kupha madzi ndi zida zamankhwala. Mwachizoloŵezi, kuyatsa kwamalonda kumagwiritsa ntchito nyali ya ultraviolet yotulutsidwa ndi nyali za mercury vapor.