Generation mechanism ya static magetsi

Nthawi zambiri, magetsi osasunthika amapangidwa chifukwa cha kukangana kapena kulowetsa.

Frictional static magetsi amapangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka magetsi opangidwa panthawi yolumikizana, kukangana, kapena kupatukana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri. Magetsi osasunthika omwe amasiyidwa ndi kukangana pakati pa ma conductor nthawi zambiri amakhala ofooka, chifukwa champhamvu ya ma conductor. Ma ions opangidwa ndi kukangana amasuntha mwachangu ndikuchepetsa panthawi komanso kumapeto kwa kukangana. Pambuyo pa kukangana kwa insulator, magetsi okwera kwambiri a electrostatic amatha kupangidwa, koma kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la insulator yokha. Mu mawonekedwe a mamolekyu a insulator, zimakhala zovuta kuti ma electron asunthe momasuka kuchoka ku nyukiliya ya atomiki, kotero kuti kukangana kumapangitsa kuti ma ionization a mamolekyu kapena atomiki achepa.

Inductive static magetsi ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limapangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi mu chinthu chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi gawo lamagetsi pomwe chinthucho chili pamalo amagetsi. Magetsi osasunthika okhazikika amatha kupangidwa pa makondakitala okha. Zotsatira za minda yamagetsi yama electromagnetic paza insulators zitha kunyalanyazidwa.

Electrostatic discharge mechanism

Chifukwa chiyani magetsi a 220V amatha kupha anthu, koma masauzande a volts pa anthu sangawaphe? Mpweya wodutsa pa capacitor umagwirizana ndi njira iyi: U=Q/C. Malinga ndi chilinganizo ichi, pamene capacitance ndi yaing'ono ndipo kuchuluka kwa ndalama kuli kochepa, mphamvu yapamwamba idzapangidwa. "Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya matupi athu ndi zinthu zomwe zimatizungulira zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikapangidwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono imathanso kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri." Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi amagetsi, potulutsa, magetsi opangidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi ndi yochepa kwambiri. Vutoli silingasungidwe, ndipo mphamvuyi imatsika pakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. "Chifukwa thupi la munthu sichiri chotchinga, zomangira zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'thupi lonse, pakakhala njira yotulutsa, zimalumikizana. Chifukwa chake, zimamveka ngati pompopompo ndi yokwera komanso pali kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. ” Pambuyo popanga magetsi osasunthika m'ma conductor monga matupi a anthu ndi zinthu zachitsulo, kutulutsa kwamagetsi kumakhala kwakukulu.

Kwa zipangizo zokhala ndi katundu wabwino wotchinjiriza, chimodzi ndi chakuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo china ndi chakuti ndalama zopangira magetsi zimakhala zovuta kuyenda. Ngakhale voteji ndi mkulu, pamene pali kukhetsa njira kwinakwake, yekha mlandu pa malo kukhudzana ndi m'dera laling'ono pafupi akhoza kuyenda ndi kutulutsa, pamene mlandu pa sanali kukhudzana mfundo sangathe kutulutsa. Choncho, ngakhale ndi magetsi a makumi masauzande a volts, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imakhala yosafunika.

Zowopsa zamagetsi osasunthika kuzinthu zamagetsi

Magetsi osasunthika amatha kukhala ovulazaLEDs, osati "patent" yapadera ya LED, komanso ma diode omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma transistors opangidwa ndi zida za silicon. Ngakhale nyumba, mitengo, ndi nyama zitha kuonongeka ndi magetsi osasunthika (mphezi ndi mtundu wamagetsi osasunthika, ndipo sitingaganizire pano).

Ndiye, magetsi osasunthika amawononga bwanji zida zamagetsi? Sindikufuna kupita patali, ndikungolankhula za zida za semiconductor, komanso kungokhala ma diode, ma transistors, ma IC, ndi ma LED.

Kuwonongeka kwa magetsi ku zigawo za semiconductor kumaphatikizapo zamakono. Pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi, chipangizocho chimawonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha. Ngati pali magetsi, payenera kukhala magetsi. Komabe, ma semiconductor diode ali ndi ma PN junctions, omwe amakhala ndi ma voltage osiyanasiyana omwe amatchinga magetsi kupita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Chotchinga chakutsogolo ndi chochepa, pomwe chotchinga chakumbuyo ndichokwera kwambiri. Mu dera, kumene kukana kuli kwakukulu, mphamvuyi imakhala yokhazikika. Koma ma LED, pamene voteji ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kwa LED, pamene voteji yakunja ili yochepa kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi ya diode (yogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusiyana kwa band), palibe kutsogolo kwamakono, ndipo magetsi onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito chigawo cha PN. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ku LED mobwerera, mphamvu yakunja ikakhala yocheperako poyerekeza ndi voliyumu yamagetsi ya LED, voteji imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pagulu la PN kwathunthu. Pakadali pano, palibe kutsika kwamagetsi panjira yolakwika ya solder ya LED, bulaketi, dera la P, kapena dera la N! Chifukwa palibe chapano. Pambuyo pakuphwanyidwa kwa PN, magetsi akunja amagawidwa ndi otsutsa onse pa dera. Kumene kukaniza kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu yamagetsi yotengedwa ndi gawolo imakhala yokwera. Ponena za ma LED, ndizachilengedwe kuti gawo la PN limanyamula magetsi ambiri. Mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapangidwa pamphambano ya PN ndikutsika kwa voliyumu kudutsa iyo kuchulukitsidwa ndi mtengo wapano. Ngati mtengo wamakono ulibe malire, kutentha kwakukulu kudzawotcha phokoso la PN, lomwe lidzataya ntchito yake ndikulowa.

Chifukwa chiyani ma IC amawopa magetsi osasunthika? Chifukwa dera la gawo lililonse mu IC ndi laling'ono kwambiri, mphamvu ya parasitic ya chigawo chilichonse ndi yaying'ono kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ntchito yozungulira imafuna mphamvu yaying'ono ya parasitic). Choncho, pang'ono electrostatic mlandu adzapanga mkulu electrostatic voteji, ndi kulolerana mphamvu ya chigawo chilichonse nthawi zambiri laling'ono kwambiri, kotero electrostatic kumaliseche mosavuta kuwononga IC. Komabe, zigawo wamba dimba, monga wamba yaing'ono diode mphamvu ndi ma transistors ang'onoang'ono mphamvu, saopa kwambiri magetsi malo amodzi, chifukwa Chip dera lawo ndi lalikulu ndi parasitic capacitance ndi lalikulu, ndipo si zophweka kudziunjikira voteji mkulu. iwo mu makonda static. Ma transistors amphamvu otsika a MOS amatha kuwonongeka kwa electrostatic chifukwa chakusanjikiza kwawo kocheperako kwa chipata komanso mphamvu yaying'ono ya parasitic. Nthawi zambiri amachoka kufakitale pambuyo pozungulira maelekitirodi atatu pambuyo pakulongedza. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuchotsa njira yayifupi pambuyo pomaliza kuwotcherera. Chifukwa cha chip chachikulu cha ma transistors amphamvu kwambiri a MOS, magetsi wamba sangawawononge. Chifukwa chake mudzawona kuti ma elekitirodi atatu amphamvu a MOS ma transistors samatetezedwa ndi mabwalo amfupi (opanga oyambira amawazungulirabe asanachoke kufakitale).

LED imakhala ndi diode, ndipo dera lake ndi lalikulu kwambiri poyerekezera ndi chigawo chilichonse mkati mwa IC. Choncho, parasitic capacitance wa LEDs ndi lalikulu. Choncho, magetsi osasunthika nthawi zambiri sangathe kuwononga ma LED.

Magetsi a electrostatic nthawi zambiri, makamaka pa insulators, amatha kukhala ndi voteji yayikulu, koma kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yotulutsa ndi yochepa kwambiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwira pa kondakitala ikhoza kukhala yosakwera kwambiri, koma kutulutsa komweko kumatha kukhala kwakukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapitilira. Izi ndizovulaza kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi.

Chifukwa chiyani static magetsi akuwonongekaLED chipssizichitika kawirikawiri

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zochitika zoyesera. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimanyamula 500V static magetsi. Ikani LED pa mbale yachitsulo (tcherani khutu ku njira yoyikamo kuti mupewe mavuto otsatirawa). Kodi mukuganiza kuti LED idzawonongeka? Apa, kuti awononge nyali ya LED, nthawi zambiri imayenera kuyikidwa ndi voteji yokulirapo kuposa voliyumu yake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma elekitirodi onse a LED ayenera kukhudza mbale yachitsulo nthawi imodzi ndikukhala ndi voteji yokulirapo kuposa mphamvu yowononga. Monga mbale yachitsulo ndi kondakitala wabwino, voteji yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yofanana, ndipo zomwe zimatchedwa 500V voteji zimagwirizana ndi nthaka. Choncho, palibe magetsi pakati pa ma electrode awiri a LED, ndipo mwachibadwa sipadzakhala kuwonongeka. Pokhapokha mutalumikizana ndi electrode imodzi ya LED yokhala ndi mbale yachitsulo, ndikulumikiza electrode ina ndi kondakitala (dzanja kapena waya wopanda magalasi oteteza) pansi kapena ma conductor ena.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatikumbutsa kuti LED ikakhala pamalo a electrostatic, electrode imodzi iyenera kukhudza thupi la electrostatic, ndipo electrode ina iyenera kukhudza pansi kapena ma conductor ena isanawonongeke. Pakupanga kwenikweni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukula kochepa kwa ma LED, palibe mwayi woti zinthu zoterezi zichitike, makamaka m'magulu. Zochitika mwangozi ndizotheka. Mwachitsanzo, ma elekitirodi a LED ali pa thupi la electrostatic, ndipo electrode imodzi imalumikizana ndi thupi la electrostatic, pamene electrode ina imangoyimitsidwa. Panthawi imeneyi, wina akhudza elekitirodi inaimitsidwa, amene angawonongeKuwala kwa LED.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatiuza kuti mavuto a electrostatic sangathe kunyalanyazidwa. Electrostatic discharge imafuna ma conductive circuit, ndipo palibe vuto ngati pali magetsi osasunthika. Pamene kutayikira kochepa kwambiri kumachitika, vuto la kuwonongeka kwa electrostatic mwangozi likhoza kuganiziridwa. Ngati zichitika mochulukira, ndiye kuti zitha kukhala vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa chip kapena kupsinjika.