Chip cha LED ndi chiyani? Ndiye makhalidwe ake ndi otani? Kupanga tchipisi ta LED kumayang'ana kwambiri kupanga ma elekitirodi olumikizana ndi ohmic odalirika komanso odalirika, omwe amatha kukumana ndi kutsika kwamagetsi pang'ono pakati pa zida zolumikizirana ndikupereka ma solder pads, kwinaku akutulutsa kuwala kochuluka momwe kungathekere. Njira yosinthira filimu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya vacuum evaporation. Pansi pa 4Pa high vacuum, zinthuzo zimasungunuka ndi kukana Kutentha kapena njira yotenthetsera ma elekitironi bombardment, ndipo BZX79C18 imasandulika nthunzi yachitsulo ndikuyikidwa pamwamba pa semiconductor yakuthupi pansi pamavuto otsika.
Zitsulo zamtundu wa P zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma aloyi monga AuBe ndi AuZn, pomwe chitsulo cha N-side chimapangidwa ndi alloy ya AuGeNi. The aloyi wosanjikiza kupangidwa pambuyo ❖ kuyanika ayeneranso poyera kuwala-emitting dera mmene ndingathere kudzera luso photolithography, kuti otsala wosanjikiza aloyi akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika ndi odalirika otsika ohmic kukhudzana maelekitirodi ndi solder waya waya. Ndondomeko ya photolithography ikamalizidwa, njira yolumikizira imachitikanso, nthawi zambiri yotetezedwa ndi H2 kapena N2. Nthawi ndi kutentha kwa alloying nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu monga mawonekedwe a zida za semiconductor ndi mawonekedwe a ng'anjo ya alloy. Zachidziwikire, ngati njira ya electrode ya tchipisi zobiriwira-buluu ndizovuta kwambiri, kukula kwa filimu ya passivation ndi plasma etching process ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Popanga tchipisi ta LED, ndi njira ziti zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a optoelectronic?
Nthawi zambiri, akamaliza kupanga LED epitaxial, mphamvu zake zazikulu zamagetsi zatha, ndipo kupanga chip sikusintha chikhalidwe chake. Komabe, zinthu zosayenera pa zokutira ndi njira zopangira alloying zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwapansi kapena kutsika kwa alloying kumatha kuyambitsa kukhudzana koyipa kwa ohmic, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakutsika kwa VF pakupanga chip. Mukadula, kuchita dzimbiri m'mphepete mwa chip kungakhale kothandiza pakuwongolera kutayikira kwa chip. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mutatha kudula ndi tsamba la diamondi, padzakhala ufa wambiri wotsalira m'mphepete mwa chip. Ngati tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timamatira pamphambano ya PN ya chipangizo cha LED, zingayambitse kutayikira kwamagetsi komanso kuwonongeka. Komanso, ngati photoresist padziko Chip si peeled pa ukhondo, zingachititse mavuto ndi pafupifupi soldering wa mizere solder kutsogolo. Ngati ili kumbuyo, imayambitsanso kutsika kwakukulu. Panthawi yopangira chip, njira monga kukhwimitsa pamwamba ndi kudula m'mapangidwe osinthika a trapezoidal amatha kukulitsa kuwala.

Chifukwa chiyani tchipisi ta LED tagawika makulidwe osiyanasiyana? Kodi kukula kwake kumakhudza bwanji mawonekedwe a photoelectric a LED?
Kukula kwa tchipisi ta LED kumatha kugawidwa kukhala tchipisi tochepa mphamvu, tchipisi tapakati, ndi tchipisi tamphamvu kwambiri malinga ndi mphamvu zawo. Malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu monga single chubu level, digito level, dot matrix level, ndi kuwala kokongoletsa. Ponena za kukula kwake kwa chip, zimatengera mtundu weniweni wa opanga chip ndipo palibe zofunikira zenizeni. Malingana ngati ndondomekoyi ili yoyenera, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono titha kukulitsa zotulutsa ndikuchepetsa mtengo, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a optoelectronic sangasinthe kwenikweni. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chip ndizogwirizana ndi kachulukidwe kameneka kakuyenda modutsamo. Chip chaching'ono chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, pamene chip chachikulu chimagwiritsa ntchito chamakono. Kachulukidwe kawo kagawo kawo ndi kofanana. Poganizira kuti kutentha kwa kutentha ndilo vuto lalikulu pansi pamakono apamwamba, kuwala kwake kowala kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi komwe kumakhala pansi pamakono. Kumbali inayi, pamene dera likuwonjezeka, kukana kwa thupi kwa chip kudzachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa magetsi oyendetsa kutsogolo.

Kodi tchipisi tamphamvu kwambiri za LED ndi chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani?
Tchipisi zamphamvu kwambiri za LED zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikira koyera nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamsika pafupifupi 40mil, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi tamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa 1W. Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwana 20%, mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi zimasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha, kotero kutentha kwa tchipisi tamphamvu kwambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo kumafuna tchipisi kukhala ndi malo akulu.

Kodi ndizosiyana ziti zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga chip ndi zida zopangira zopangira zida za GaN epitaxial poyerekeza ndi GaP, GaAs, ndi InGaAlP? Chifukwa chiyani?
Magawo a tchipisi wamba ofiira ndi achikasu a LED komanso tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tofiira ndi achikasu chowala kwambiri amapangidwa ndi zida za semiconductor monga GaP ndi GaAs, ndipo zimatha kupangidwa kukhala magawo amtundu wa N. Njira yonyowa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi, kenako magudumu a diamondi amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula tchipisi. Chip chobiriwira chobiriwira chopangidwa ndi zinthu za GaN chimagwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi la safiro. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa gawo lapansi la safiro, silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati electrode imodzi ya LED. Chifukwa chake, ma elekitirodi onse a P/N ayenera kupangidwa nthawi imodzi pamtunda wa epitaxial kudzera munjira yowuma, ndipo njira zina zodutsa ziyenera kuchitika. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwa safiro, zimakhala zovuta kuzidula kukhala tchipisi ndi tsamba lopera la diamondi. Mapangidwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta komanso ovuta kuposa ma LED opangidwa ndi zida za GaP kapena GaAs.

Kodi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a "transparent electrode" chip ndi chiyani?
Chotchedwa electrode yowonekera iyenera kukhala yochititsa chidwi komanso yowonekera. Izi tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga kristalo wamadzimadzi, ndipo dzina lake ndi indium tin oxide, yofupikitsidwa ngati ITO, koma silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati solder pad. Popanga, choyamba pangani ohmic electrode pamwamba pa chip, kenaka muphimbe pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza wa ITO ndi mbale wosanjikiza wa solder pad pamwamba ITO. Mwanjira iyi, zomwe zikubwera kuchokera ku kutsogolera zimagawidwa mofanana kwa ohmic contact electrode kupyolera mu ITO wosanjikiza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ITO, chifukwa refractive index kukhala pakati pa mpweya ndi epitaxial zipangizo, akhoza kuonjezera ngodya ya kutulutsa kuwala ndi flux kuwala.

Kodi chitukuko chachikulu chaukadaulo wa chip pakuwunikira kwa semiconductor ndi chiyani?
Ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji ya semiconductor LED, ntchito yake yowunikira ikuwonjezeka, makamaka kutuluka kwa LED yoyera, yomwe yakhala nkhani yotentha kwambiri pakuwunikira kwa semiconductor. Komabe, matekinoloje a chip ndi ma phukusi akufunikabe kuwongolera, ndipo pankhani ya tchipisi, tifunika kukulitsa mphamvu yamphamvu, kuwala kwamphamvu, komanso kuchepetsa kukana kwamafuta. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwamakono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chip, ndipo njira yolunjika ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa chip. Ma chips omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 1mm × 1mm, okhala ndi 350mA pano. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zamakono, kutentha kwa kutentha kwakhala vuto lalikulu, ndipo tsopano vutoli lathetsedwa makamaka kudzera mu njira yosinthira chip. Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa LED, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pakuwunikira kudzakumana ndi mwayi ndi zovuta zomwe sizinachitikepo.

Kodi "flip chip" ndi chiyani? Mapangidwe ake ndi otani? Kodi ubwino wake ndi wotani?
Blue LED nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi la Al2O3, lomwe limakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kutsika kwamafuta ndi magetsi. Ngati dongosolo labwino likugwiritsidwa ntchito, lidzabweretsa mavuto odana ndi static kumbali imodzi, ndipo kumbali ina, kutentha kwa kutentha kudzakhalanso vuto lalikulu pansi pa zochitika zamakono. Panthawiyi, chifukwa cha electrode yabwino yomwe ikuyang'ana mmwamba, gawo lina la kuwala lidzatsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuwala kowala. Mphamvu yayikulu ya buluu ya LED imatha kutulutsa kuwala kothandiza kwambiri kudzera muukadaulo wa chip inversion kuposa ukadaulo wakale wamapaketi.
Njira yosinthira yosinthika tsopano ndiyoyamba kukonzekera tchipisi tating'ono ta buluu ta LED okhala ndi ma elekitirodi oyenera a eutectic soldering, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukonzekera gawo laling'ono la silicon kuposa chipangizo cha buluu cha LED, kenako ndikupanga wosanjikiza wagolide ndikutulutsa waya. wosanjikiza (akupanga golide waya mpira solder olowa) kwa eutectic soldering pa izo. Kenako, chipangizo champhamvu cha buluu cha LED chimagulitsidwa ku gawo lapansi la silicon pogwiritsa ntchito zida za eutectic soldering.
Makhalidwe a dongosololi ndikuti epitaxial wosanjikiza amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi silicon gawo lapansi, ndipo kukana kwamafuta kwa gawo lapansi la silicon kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa gawo la safiro, kotero vuto la kutentha kwapakati limathetsedwa bwino. Chifukwa cha gawo la safiro lotembenuzidwa lomwe likuyang'ana m'mwamba, limakhala kuwala kotulutsa pamwamba, ndipo safiro imakhala yowonekera, motero kuthetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa kuwala. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi chidziwitso choyenera cha teknoloji ya LED. Timakhulupirira kuti ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono, magetsi a LED amtsogolo adzakhala opambana kwambiri ndipo moyo wawo wautumiki udzakhala wabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimatibweretsera ife kumasuka.